Universities have long endeavored to teach students the habits of mind and critical thinking skills that are the cornerstone of informed and responsible civic engagement. Today, these endeavors have taken on a new sense of urgency.
At the University of Washington, we strive to equip our students with the skills to navigate today’s complex and ever-changing media landscape. While propaganda and misinformation are nothing new, today’s media landscape presents information consumers with a host of new challenges:
- Click-driven models of production that value user interaction over truth
- Algorithms that create echo chambers instead of spaces for civic debate
- Social media platforms that facilitate the spreading of misinformation at record speeds
We help students confront fake news and misinformation with a focus on the timeless—habits of mind like evaluating sources, asking for proof, digging deeper—and the timely—understanding the digital media landscape and its financial drivers. Our goal? To empower our students to be savvy consumers, and responsible producers, of news and information.
Resources for teaching
- Bad News
Online game developed by researchers in the Cambridge Social Decision-Making Lab in which players compete to become “a disinformation and fake news tycoon”. The game introduces players to the practices employed to spread disinformation in the hopes that they will then be able to spot disinformation before sharing it. Read more in The Guardian’s Bad News: the game researchers hope will ‘vaccinate’ public against fake news and listen to NPR’s Spot Fake News By Making It interview with Cambridge researcher Sander van der Linden. - Don’t Take the Clickbait: How to Lead a “fake news” teach-in
Emily Carlin and Darcy Gervasio of SUNY Purchase College
Outline, handouts, and resources for leading a “fake news” teach-in. Includes hands-on activities: fact checking and evaluating news sources on a spectrum and different strategies for fighting the spread of fake news and misinformation. - Evaluating Sources Exercise (classroom activity)
Nicole Gustavsen, University of Washington Bothell & Cascadia College
Evaluation activity with links to six sources and two scenarios for each. - Facing Ferguson: News Literacy in a Digital Age
11 lessons (videos interviews with journalists and scholars, analysis of news coverage and images, and activities). Lessons 5 and 6 focus on verification of breaking news and social media. - Factitious
Game that tests player’s ability to recognize fake news. Read more in NPR’s To Test Your Fake News Judgement, Play This Game by Tennessee Watson. - Fake News Workshop Series
Marisa Petrich, University of Washington Tacoma
3-part series includes: News Literacy 101, Spotting a Fake and Evaluating Claims, and Accounting for Bias – in the Media and Ourselves. Series outline. - False, Misleading, Clickbait-y, and/or Satirical “News” Sources
Melissa Zimdars, Merrimack College professor
Tips for analyzing news sources and working list of websites that have been analyzed and tagged with labels like fake, satire, clickbait, and more. - HAPGOOD
Mike Caufield’s blog includes posts about and student activities to develop web literacy skills.
Posts provide analysis to consider when developing literacy (digital, information, media, web)
skills activities for students. - News Ecosystem: News Bias and Accuracy
Jessica Albano and Theresa Mudrock, UW Libraries
Students place news organizations (logos) on a journalism quality and news bias scale (poster) adapted version of Vanessa Otero’s “Media Bias” chart. - News Literacy and Reliable Sources
Marisa Petrich, University of Washington Tacoma
Module available through Canvas Commons that helps students understand the hallmarks of a reliable news source, recognize signs that information may be unreliable, and have a framework for thinking about media bias. - “Pin the Source on the Spectrum”: Fake News is on a Continuum
Emily Carlin and Darcy Gervasio of SUNY Purchase College
Pin-the-tail-on-the-donkey activity using a blank version of Vanessa Otero’s “Media Bias” chart. - Triangulating Truth: A Media Literacy Toolkit for a “Post-Truth” World
Jessica Albano and Kathleen Collins, UW Libraries
Includes the following model lesson plans that encourage source evaluation: Constructing Credibility in Your Classroom, Source Evaluation Jigsaw, and Popular-to-Scholarly Sources. - Web Literacy for Student Fact Checkers (Open textbook)
Mike Caulfield, Washington State University Vancouver
OER text (available in HTML, epub, pdf, and Kindle formats) that organizes tips for “student fact checkers” around four habits of mind. The textbook includes practical discussions and six different fact-checking activities that could be integrated into a class session.
- International Fact-Checking Network fact-checkers’ code of principles
Over 40 fact-checking organizations have signed this code of principles committing to nonpartisan, transparent, and sourced fact-checking. - SPJ Code of Ethics
The Code of Ethics by the Society of Professional Journalists is a set of guiding principles “that encourages all who engage in journalism to take responsibility for the information they provide, regardless of medium.” - Journalism Ethics & Standards
UW Libraries research guide to resources about ethics and standards in journalism.
Fact Checkers
- Factcheck.org
- Fact Checker (Washington Post)
- Hoaxy
- Opensecrets.org
- Politifact.com
- ProCon.org
- Snopes.com
Guides to Evaluating and Fact Checking
- False, Misleading, Clickbati-y, and Satricial “News” Sources
Melissa Zimdars Google Doc containing tips for analyzing news sources and a list of over 100
websites that report unreliable and misleading content. Retrieved March 21, 2018. - Informed Civic Engagement Resource Guide: Fake News
UW Bothell Library research guide with resources for identifying fake news and fact-checking information. - Savvy Info Consumers: Evaluating Information
Guide from the UW Libraries with tips on evaluating information published in journals,
magazines, newspapers, social media, and more. - 7 Steps to better fact-checking
Tips from Angie Drobnic Holan published on Politifact. Retrieved December 26, 2017. - A Savvy News Consumer’s Guide: How Not To Get Duped
Tips from Alicia Shepard published by Moyers & Company. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
Upcoming Events
Muddied Waters: Online Disinformation during Crisis Events
Kate Starbird | April 18, 5:00-6:15, Bagley 131
Recent public debate around “fake news” has highlighted the growing challenge of determining information veracity online—a complex problem at the intersection of technology, human cognition, and human behavior. Read more.
Cleaning up our polluted information environments
Jevin West | April 24, 5:00-6:15, Gowen 301
Pandering politicians, winking advertisers, startup soothsayers, television “experts”, and even some scientists use the news media to promulgate half-truths, misrepresentations and sometimes outright lies. Read more.
The New Global Politics of Weaponized AI Propaganda
Berit Anderson | April 30, 5:00-6:15, HUB Lyceum
Silicon Valley spent the last ten years building platforms whose natural end state is digital addiction. In 2016, a small group of powerful actors hijacked them. Read more.
Past Events
- Fact vs. Fake: Fighting Back Against Fake News
Jevin West participates in moderated discussion hosted by the Seattle Times. - Why Journalism Matters: News Literacy in a Democracy
Event sponsored by the UW Department of Communication and UW Libraries - #philosophy responds: Conversations After the Election
- UW’s Communication Leadership program hosts What Happened? The Role of Traditional and Social Media in the 2016 Election, Watch the Seattle Channel’s recording of the event hosted by the Communication Leadership program on November 28, 2016
This list is just a sampling of readings concerning the issues of misinformation, disinformation, fake news and information literacy. Please contact a UW Librarian for help finding more readings that meet your needs or those of your students.
- Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017, Spring). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of Economic Perspectives 31(2): 211-236.
- Darton, R. (2017, February 13). The True history of fake news. The New York Review of Books.
- Fleming, J. (2009). ‘Truthiness’ and trust: News media literacy strategies in the digital age. In Media Literacy: New Agendas in Communication (pp. 124-146). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
- Hobbs, R. (2011). Digital and media literacy : Connecting culture and classroom. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press.
- National Association for Media Literacy Education, & Montclair State University. College of Education Human Services. (2009). The Journal of Media Literacy Education.
- Oliveras, B., Marquez, C., & Sanmarti, N. (2013). The use of newspaper articles as a tool to develop critical thinking in science classes. International Journal of Science Education 35 (6): 885-905.
- Pashia, A. (2016). Black Lives Matter in Information Literacy. Radical Teacher, 106.
- Roy, D. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359(6380), 1146-
1151. - Soll, J. (2016, December 18). The Long and Brutal History of Fake News. Politico Magazine.
- Starbird, K., & Spiro, E. (2016, December 21). Slowing The Spread Of Viral Misinformation: Can Crowdsourcing Help? Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- Weinberger, D. (2011). Too big to know : Rethinking knowledge now that the facts aren’t the facts, experts are everywhere, and the smartest person in the room is the room. New York: Basic Books.
- Wineburg, S., McGrew, S., Breakstone, J., and Ortega, T. (2016). Evaluating Information: TheCornerstone of Civic Online Reasoning. Stanford Digital Repository.
Courses
- Calling Bullshit: Data Reasoning in a Digital World
INFO 198 / BIOL 106B, University of Washington
Subject-Matter Experts
- Carl Bergstrom, Professor, Biology
Bergstrom co-teaches the course “Calling Bullshit” that teaches students to think critically about the data and models that constitute evidence in the social and natural sciences. He is co-authoring a book on the subject with Jevin West. - Scott Radnitz, Associate Professor, International Studies; Adjunct Associate Professor, Political Science and Sociology
Radnitz teaches a Jackson School Task Force focusing on fake news, misinformation, conspiracy theories, and rumors. He is currently researching the role of conspiracy theories in the politics of post-Soviet states. - Kate Starbird, Assistant Professor, Human Centered Design & Engineering (HCDE)
Starbird’s research sits at the intersection of computer science and social science. Her study of social media during crisis events incorporates rumors, conspiracy theories, disinformation, and propaganda as well as the social networks and media outlets that promote them. - Jevin West, Assistant Professor, Information School
West co-teaches the course “Calling Bullshit” that teaches students to think critically about the data and models that constitute evidence in the social and natural sciences. He is co-authoring a book on the subject with Carl Bergstrom.
UW Librarians are available to collaborate with instructors on best practices for incorporating critical research, thinking, and literacy skills (data, information, media, news, technological) into course assignments and the curriculum. UW subject librarians are available to meet with students to suggest strategies for finding and evaluating sources for their research.
- Amanda Hornby, Head of Teaching & Learning at Odegaard Library, UW Libraries. Expertise: teaching and learning in libraries, active learning pedagogy, information literacy and curriculum design.
- Jessica Albano, Communication Studies and News Librarian, Head, Government Publications, Maps, Microforms & Newspapers, UW Libraries. Expertise: credible news sources, fake news, media literacy, news literacy.
- Kathleen Collins, Sociology Librarian, UW Libraries. Expertise: information in social context; developing active learning activities to incorporate into courses.
- Kian Flynn, Geography and Global Studies Librarian, UW Libraries. Expertise: information and data literacy, government information.
- Nia Lam, Media Studies Librarian, UW Bothell & Cascadia College, UW Libraries. Expertise: credible news sources, fake news, media literacy, news literacy.
- Marisa Petrich, Instructional Design Librarian, UW Tacoma, UW Libraries. Expertise: news production, news and media literacy skills, developing online and face-to-face classroom activities, and fake news.
- Sally Pine, Biological Sciences Librarian, UW Libraries. Expertise: information and data literacy, particularly in the sciences.
Contact your UW subject librarian: Bothell campus | Health Sciences | Seattle campus | Tacoma campus | Librarians by Language
- Detecting bias in the news
Provides examples of how news can be biased. - Fake News
Introduction to fake news with definitions, statistics, and resources for how to identify fake news. Guidelines for evaluating all types of information, including data. - Informed Civic Engagement Resource Guide: Fake News
Resources for identifying fake news and fact-checking information. - Journalism Ethics and Standards
Guide to resources about ethics and standards in journalism. - News
Research guide that includes current and historical news resources available through the UW Libraries and online for free. - Savvy Info Consumers: Evaluating Information
Guide that provides strategies for evaluating types of information including journal articles, news stories, social media posts, and data. - Savvy Info Consumers: Fake News
Reviews the types of “fake news” (misleading, clickbait, etc.) and provides questions one should ask when considering the credibility of content.
- Confronting Fake News and Misinformation: Mini Lecture Series
- Muddied Waters: Online Disinformation during Crisis Events (Lecture, Kate Starbird) (52 min)
- Cleaning Up our Polluted Information Environments (Lecture, Jevin West) (53 min)
- The New Global Politics of Weaponized AI Propaganda (Lecture, Berit Anderson) (47 min)
- Calling Bullshit in the Age of Big Data lecture videos (5-10 min)
- Merchants of Doubt (DVD) (93 min)
- Claire Wardle: More Than Fake News: Understanding the Disinformation Ecosystem (12 min)
- The Role of Traditional and Social Media in 2016 Election (89 min)
- Additional Materials for reading/exploration.
- Constructing Public Opinion: How Politicians and the Media Misrepresent the Public. Media Education Foundation. (112 min)
- Rich Media, Poor Democracy. Media Education Foundation. (30 min)
- Bell Hooks : Cultural Criticism & Transformation. Media Education Foundation. (66 min)
- Mashed media. New York: Films for the Humanities & Sciences. (56 min)
- Consumerism & the Limits to Imagination. Media Education Foundation. (42 min)
- Finding “Fake News” in Times of Crisis: Online Rumors, Conspiracy Theories and Disinformation (53 min)
- Breaking News Consumer’s Handbook: Fake News Edition
Checklist from On the Media, WNYC - How to Spot Fake News
Infographic from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) - Making Sense of the News
Poster display from UW Libraries that uses a Tweet by President Trump as a case study in how to evaluate published information. Posters include Be a Savvy News Consumer, SMART Check – Evaluate Your News, Freedom of the Press, and more. - Take Action
Handout by Emily Carlin and Darcy Gervasio, SUNY Purchase College, with 10 strategies for
fighting and debunking fake news.
Members of the UW community are welcome to contribute resources they have created or publicly available resources they have found useful when teaching. Contact: UW Librarian Jessica Albano